[휘발성 유기 화합물 표준물질] Volatile Organic Compounds_PhytoLab - 코아사이언스

Volatile Organic Compounds

REFERENCE SUBSTANCES FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS

 

A leading global manufacturer, PhytoLab offers over 1,500 extensively documented herbal reference substances of all classes of secondary herbal constituents. Our portfolio includes a range of volatile organic compounds that can be applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of essential oils.

 

Essential Oils
Essential oils or their isolated phytochemical constituents contribute to the taste and scent of herbal preparations
as well as to their physiological, pharmacological and toxicological properties. Based on their multifaceted properties, they are used in an extremely wide range of products including food, medicinal products, cosmetics, perfumery, feed additives, insect repellents and many more. Prominent essential oils include those from Cinnamomum, Citrus species, Clove, Fennel, Rosa, Ylang Ylang or various Lamiaceae species, such as Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Mentha piperita (mint) and Salvia officinalis (sage), which are known for their antimicrobial activity.[1] Additionally, active ingredients can be found in eucalyptus, myrtle, lavender, tea tree, bergamot, laurel, clove, oregano, thyme, orange, and chamomile.

 

Function and effects
It is assumed that volatile terpenes play an important role, both in plant defense against pathogens and herbivores but also, e.g., in attracting pollinators.[4] The composition and the resulting beneficial but also toxicological properties of essential oils may be influenced by genetic constitution (chemovars), cultivation, harvesting, post-harvesting, processing and storage conditions.[3] Therefore, reliable qualitative and quantitative analysis of their constituents is essentially important for the quality assurance of essential oils in all application fields.

 

Chemical Skeleton
Essential oils contain a wide variety of structural classes, including phenylpropanoids and terpenes/terpenoids. The most important constituent is the structurally highly diverse group of terpenes. Both known as isoprenoids, the slight difference between terpenes and terpenoids lies in the modification. Terpenes are unsaturated 5-arbon cyclic compounds built up of isoprene monomeric units (Figure 1), while terpenoids are a modified class of terpenes with several functional groups at different positions.[2,4]

Figure 1. Isoprene unit

 

Depending on the number of isoprene units, terpenes are classified into different subgroups: monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15), diterpenes (C20), and triterpenes (C30). Whereas terpenoids include, e.g., sterols, carotenoids, cucurbitacins, iridoids, saponins, sesquiterpenoids, and steroids.

 

Since they normally contain other polar moieties, terpenoids may be non-volatile or semi-volatile. Therefore, it is suggested that terpenoids are analyzed with LC-MS, while volatile terpenes are best measured with GC-MS. Terpenes have been qantified from wood and leaf extracts using GC-MS in several studies.[4]

 

 

 

Regulatory status
Numerous fragrances used in cosmetics have allergenic properties whether they are of synthetic or natural origin. Therefore, Annex III of the EC Regulation on cosmetic products (EC) No. 1223/2009 defines substances that must be included in the list of ingredients if the concentration in the consumer product exceeds a certain level. The list has been extended to more than 80 substances in July 2023, including many principal components of important essential oils such as anethole, ß-caryophyllene, menthol, pinenes, or terpineol.[5,6] Certain toxic volatile substances such as estragole, methyleugenol or thujone are regulated for food (Regulation No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on flavourings and certain food ingredients with flavouring properties for use in and on foods). Estragole and thujone, among others, are also restricted in Herbal Medicinal Products by the European Pharmacopoeia and public statements of the EMA Herbal Medicinal Products Committee (HMPC). In many non-EU countries similar regulations are applicable.

 

Reference standards
For a reliable analysis and quality control of essential oils well characterised reference standards are essential. PhytoLab offers a wide range of volatile natural products. These substances are characterised as primary reference standards and supplied together with a comprehensive certificate of analysis. For a full listing and up-to-date information please contact us or visit our webshop at: https://phyproof.phytolab.com/en/

 

Sources
[1] N. Nezha Mattazi, A. Farah, M. Fadil, M. Chraibi, K.F. Benbrahim 2015 7 (9), 73.
[2] A. Masyita, S.R. Mustika, A.A. Dwi, B. Yasir, R.N. Rahma, T.B. Emran, F. Nainu, J. Simal-
Gandara Food Chem X. 2022 19, 13, 100217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100217.
[3] A. André A, M. Leupin, M. Kneubühl, V. Pedan, I. Chetschik, Plants (Basel) 2020, 9(12), 1740.
[4] M. Iyer, K.Pal, V. Upadhye, Recent Frontiers of Phytochemicals, Elsevier 2023, 295. https://
doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19143-5.00007-4.
[5] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/DE/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R1545
[6] CL2008R1334EN0260010.0001.3bi_cp 1..2 (europa.eu)

 

 

Volatile phyproof® reference standards (list not exhaustive)  

Monoterpenes

Reference Stadnard	Product No.
D,L-Camphene	80063
DL-Camphor	80087
Carvacrol	80241
(+)-Carvone	80240
(-)-Carvone	80099
Citral	82501
p-Cymene	80836
Eucalyptol / 1,8-Cineole	89195
(+)-Fenchone	80660
(-)-Fenchone	82541
Lavandulol	80887
Linalool	80885
Linalyl acetate	89243
(+)-Menthofuran	82584
(-)-Menthol	89517
α-Pinene	89257
R-(+)-Pulegon	82240
α-Terpineol	89872
Thymol	89287

Sesquiterpene

Reference Stadnard	Product No.
(-)-α-Bisabolol	80005
ß-Caryophyllene	80717
Chamazulene	89174

Phenylpropanes

Reference Stadnard	Product No.
trans-Anethole	89158
Apiole	22471
Elemicin	22469
Estragole	82205
Eugenol	80715
Methyleugenol	89735
Myristicine	80886

Others

Reference Stadnard	Product No.
Benzyl alcohol	89164
Vanillin	82678

 

References

[1] Ph. Eur. Monograph on Cannabis flower (3028)
[2] E.B. Russo, Br. J. Pharmacol., 2011, 163, 1344; b) T. Nuutinen, Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2018, 157, 198.
[3] A. André A, M. Leupin, M. Kneubühl, V. Pedan, I. Chetschik, Plants (Basel) 2020, 9(12), 1740.
[4] N. Fernàndez, D.A. Lanosa, N.S. Janezic, P.N. Quiroga, J. Appl. Res. Med. Aromat. Plants, 2023, 35, 100466.
[5] M.M. Radwan, S. Chandra, S. Gul, M.A. ElSohly, Molecules 2021, 26 (9), 2774.
[6] E.A. Ibrahim, M. Wang, M.M. Radwan, A.S. Wanas, C.G. Majumdar, B. Avula, Y.H. Wang, I.A. Khan, S. Chandra, H. Lata, G.M. Hadad, R.A. Abdel Salam, A.K. Ibrahim, S.A. Ahmed, M.A. ElSohly, Planta Med. 2019, 85 (5), 431.

 

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