[REFERENCE SUBSTANCES FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS/인삼] Ginseng (Panax sp.)_PhytoLab - 코아사이언스

Ginseng (Panax sp.)

REFERENCE SUBSTANCES FOR HERBAL PRODUCTS

 

As one of the leading manufacturers internationally, PhytoLab offers over 1,500 extensively documented herbal
reference substances of all classes of natural compounds. Our portfolio includes various reference substances applied
in the analysis and quality control of ginseng, derived extracts and finished products thereof.

 

Genus Panax
The genus Panax (family: Araliaceae) comprises of several species, predominantly three of them being used in phytotherapy: Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, known as Asian, Korean or Chinese ginseng, occurs mainly in Korea, northeastern China and Siberia, but is also cultivated in Europe, Australia and the Caucasus. Panax quinquefolius L., known as American ginseng, occurs in North America and is also being cultivated in China. Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. Y. Wu & K. M. Feng (synonym: Panax pseudoginseng Wall. var. notoginseng (Burk.) Hoo et Tseng), known as notoginseng or Tienchi (from the Chinese name tiánqi) ginseng grows naturally in China and Japan. The botanical name Panax means all-heal in Greek. The word ginseng derives from the Chinese term rénshen, rén meaning “person” and shen meaning “root”. Thus, ginseng describes the man-like appearance of the ginseng root. 

 

Medicinal use
Ginseng root has been used for more than two thousand years in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine and became popular in Europe in the 17th century. P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius are known as adaptogenic herbs, while P. notoginseng has been used extensively in the treatment of blood disorders. Depending on the processing method – which strongly influences the phytochemical composition and, thus, also pharmacological activities – two types of ginseng roots are commonly applied: red ginseng, prepared by steam treating the roots of P. ginseng C. A. Meyer prior to drying, and white ginseng, obtained by dehydration without the heating step. The European Union herbal monograph on
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer radix describes the traditional use of the comminuted or powdered root of white and red
ginseng, besides various ethanolic or methanolic liquid, so or dry extracts thereof, for the purpose of treating symptoms of asthenia such as fatigue and weakness. Korea ginseng is also widely consumed as a food product, e.g. in form of soups or beverages, liqueurs, cookies or candies, or as an ingredient of ginseng coffee.

 

phyproof® reference substances for the analysis and quality control of Panax sp.

 

Ginsenosides (derived from protopanaxadiol)

Reference Standard	Product No.
Ginsenoside Rb1	89208
Ginsenoside Rb2	89209
Ginsenoside Rc	89210
Ginsenoside Rd	89211

TLC markers

Reference Standard	Product No.
Escin	89871
Arbutin	89510

Ginsenosides (derived from protopanaxatriol)

Reference Standard	Product No.
Ginsenoside Re	89212
Ginsenoside Rf	89213
Ginsenoside Rg1	89214
Ginsenoside Rg2	89680
Notoginsenoside R1	89743

 

 

Chemical composition
Ginseng contains typical tetracyclic terpenes known as ginsenosides. According to the nature of the underlying aglycone the ginsenosides can be further classi ed into compounds with protopanaxadiol or protopanaxatriol skeleton. Besides these dammarane-type saponins also pentacyclic oleanane-type ginsenosides occur, e.g. Ginsenoside Ro. Ginsenosides usually bear up to four glycosidic moieties in one or more side chains attached to various positions of the aglycone. The content of ginsenosides depends on the origin, the age and the root parts analyzed. All other parts of the plant also contain ginsenosides but in di erent ratios. The ginsenoside pattern also allows differentiation between white and red ginseng, and the various Panax species. Ginsenoside Rf, for example, is present in P. ginseng, but absent in P. quinquefolius. Roots of P. notoginseng and P. quinquefolius have a high content of ginsenoside Rb1. The dominant ginsenoside in P. notoginseng is Rg1, while ginsenoside Ro is completely absent.

 

Pharmacopoeias
In European Pharmacopoeia, the monographs on ginseng root (P. ginseng, white or red), ginseng dry extract and notoginseng root specify contents of ginsenosides calculated either as the sum of Rb1 considering ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1, Rg2. Arbutin and escin are used as analytical markers in the TLC identi cation tests. Zones and peaks due to the various ginsenosides are described in TLC as well as HPLC chromatograms.

United States Pharmacopoeia has monographs on Asian, American and Tienchi ginseng, describing the dried roots as well as powders and extracts prepared thereof. These monographs specify contents of ginsenosides, either individually for e.g. Rb1, Rg1 or notoginsenoside R1, or as the sum of several compounds including e.g. Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re and Rg1, or Rb1, Rd, Re and Rg1 as well as notoginsenoside R1. Peak area ratios, e.g. between Rb2 and Rb1, or between Rg1 and Rb1, descriptions of signal intensities, or absence of certain components are used for species authentication purposes. 

 

Reference Substances
For a reliable quantitative analysis and quality control of ginseng products well characterized reference substances are essential. PhytoLab offers all reference substances described in EP and USP. All of them are characterized as primary reference substances and supplied together with a comprehensive certificate of analysis. Many other natural products that have been described to occur in ginseng are available as well (e.g. Panaxadiol, Panaxatriol, Pseudoginsenosides and many more). For a full listing and up-to-date information on prices and specifications please contact us or visit our webshop at phyproof.phytolab.com.

 

Structures of selected ginsenosides

 

관련 상품

한방/생약 지표성분, 표준품, 표준물질, 유효성분, 기능성분

코아사이언스 coresciences PhytoLab GmbH & Co. KG 독일 한국 대리점 korea biochemical high quality phytochemicals reference standards analytical standard natural active ingredients products 표준품 기능성분 표준물질 지표성분 주성분 유효성분 순품 한방 한약 생약 천연물 신약 식물 유래 천연화합물 천연물